Improvement in temporary binders



G. w. EMERSON TEMPORARY BINDER.

No. 187,367. Patented Feb. 13, I877.

WITNESSES INVENTOR N.IFETERS, PHOTU-LJTHOGRARNER. WASHINGTON. u C.

PATENT EFIoE,

iMP RovEME N T IN TEMPORARY B-|NDERS.\

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 187,367, dated February 13, 1877; application filed January 20, 1877.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. EMERSON, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Binders for Books; and Idohereby declare that thefollowing is afull, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure l of the drawings is a representation of a side view of one of the covers., Fig. 2 is a transverse section, showing the connections.

This invention has relation to means for binding books; and it consists in the construction and novel arrangement of bindingwires connected at suitable points to thecovers, each having its main portion extending parallel with the edge of the cover at a short distance therefrom, and being provided with loops projecting beyond said margin to the line of the main portion of the wire for the passage of the fastening strand or thread, whereby the book is designed to be attached to said covers, as hereinafter shown and described.

This invention is an improvement upon that for which Letters Patent were granted to me May 5, 1874; and its object is to provide a strong and durable binder, which can be readily and securely fastened to the leaves, and the wires of which will bear upon the same for nearly the entire length of the book, forming a binding-clamp, the nature of which is such that it will not prevent the leaves from being opened to the fullest extent.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the covers of the binder. To the inner edge a of each board is riveted a wire, b,the rivets c passing through reentering loops or bends d, which lie on the inside surface of said board. The wire b is, for the main part, separated from the inner edge of the board by a space, 0, but extends along and parallel to said edge, as shown in the drawings.

Projecting over the edge a of the board, are the fastening-loops m, the ends of which are in line with the main portions of the Wire b, and serve, with the latter, to form bearings on the book contained between the covers along its rear portion near the back.

When the book is opened, the cover is designed to rock on the wire bearings mentioned.' The loops m are usually placed between the re-entering bends d, and secured by rivets in such a manner as to provide a stop above and below, to prevent slipping of the fastening thread or wire, which is designed to be attached thereto.

Sometimes, instead of loops, 1 may prefer to use doubled and notched bands passing around the wire I), and riveted to the cover but the loop construction is preferred. These Wires 1) are usually covered on the inside and outside with cloth or leather, so that they are hidden from view.

The book or number of sheets to be bound is prepared by punching holes near the back, in the proper places to coincide with the position of the loops m. Having been placed between the covers, the strands of wire or thread which are to serve as connections are secured to the projecting loops m of one .cover, passed through the leaves to be bound,

and fastened to the corresponding projecting-loops of theopposite cover. In this manner a simple and strong binding is provided. The rockingl edges of the covers are thin, being formed only by the covered wires, and therefore do not exert any appreciable leverage when the book is opened, to break away the fastenings.

In this operation, the thick edges a of the boards are usually designed to fall in rear of the back it of' the binder, and therefore offer no obstruction to the full spread of the leaves.

Having described this invention, what I claim as new,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. The combination, with the covers A, of

strands cannot slip on said wires, substantially as specified.

2. The combination, w th the coiv'er A, of; the binding-wire b, spaced from and running parallel with the edge of said cover, secured by the re-entering-loops d to said cover, and

having the projecting fastening locps'm, substantially as speeiii'eq. V I W In testimony that 1 claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of 'two witnesses.

W GEOi W. EMERSON. Wfiiiief WALTER O. MASI, HOWARD ZEv-ELY. 

